Does Deming’s “System of Profound Knowledge” Apply to Leaders of Biodiversity Conservation?

Abstract

The challenges of ecological and environmental change are significant and solutions remain lar-gely under the influence of people and the decisions of governments, interest groups, national and local communities and individuals. Evidence suggests that despite 20 years of effort, conservation initiatives have failed to achieve the targets set for protecting biodiversity in the UN Convention on Biological Diversity 2010. A common factor influencing effectiveness of conservation work un-dertaken by the diverse mix of government, non-government and civil organisations is leadership. A command-and-control approach to leadership is commonly encountered in conservation and previous reviews suggest this as a major factor in ineffective conservation initiatives. This sug-gests that conservation leaders should consider a fundamentally different approach to leadership. We examine whether an alternative paradigm, Deming's System of Profound Knowledge, offers a suitable new basis for leadership in biodiversity conservation. This " Systems Thinking " approach should encompass (i) an understanding of natural systems, (ii) a sense of how human behaviour is influenced, (iii) an understanding of how knowledge should inform decision-making and problem solving, and (iv) an understanding of variation in natural systems. Current paradigms of conserva-tion management fail to address these four fundamentals and therefore do not represent the most effective way to manage conservation. Conversely, challenges and opportunities encountered in biodiversity conservation are well-aligned to a Systems Thinking approach. Leadership approa-ches defined in Deming's " System of Profound Knowledge " offer significant positive impacts on biodiversity conservation achievement and provide lessons for leaders in other areas of human activity.