Ethnobotanical and Floristic Research in Belize: Accomplishments, challenges and lessons learned

Abstract

The objectives of the Belize Ethnobotany Project include: the preservation of cultural and traditional knowledge; studies on ethno-medicine; natural products research (through the National Cancer Institute); technology transfer; institutional strengthening and training. The project components, accomplishments, challenges and the lessons learned have been highlighted. The multiple use curve is introduced as a way of determining the most appropriate sample size for ethnobotanical interviews/collections. Valuation studies of medicinal plants found in local forests are described and compared to values of traditional uses for farming using a net present value analysis. Studies on the ecology, propagation and sustainable levels of harvest of medicinal plants were also initiated. Experiences with the production of a traditional healers' manual is furnished, and details on the benefit-sharing approach utilized to recognize Intellectual Property Rights is given. Various local efforts at developing forest-based traditional medicinal products are given, as is the natural products research and teaching programme based on Belizean plants. An example is also cited of how negative events can be transformed to have positive results. Specifically, in case of conflict over the management of the region's first ethno-biomedical reserve, 2 competing groups claimed responsibility for management. However, it was eventually resolved and resulted in 2 such reserves being established, together representing over 20 000 ha of land set aside for conservation and use by the traditional healers. The perspectives of local participants and communities in various ways are also presented.