The effect of esmolol on cerebral blood flow, cerebral vasoreactivity, and cognitive performance: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Abstract

Background: Esmolol is often applied perioperatively to maintain stable hemodynamic conditions in neurosurgical patients. Little is known, however, about its effects on cerebral circulation. The authors employed functional magnetic resonance imaging based on blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast to explore the effect of esmolol on the human brain. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of esmolol on cerebral blood flow, cerebral vasoreactivity, and cognitive performance. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers were investigated in two separate experimental sessions using functional magnetic resonance imaging. During the first experimental session, a hyperventilation task and a cognitive task, subjects had to perform both tasks twice, once after administration of an esmolol bolus of 1 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 150 μg·kg-1· min-1 and once without β-blockade, in a random order. During the second experimental session subjects were scanned at resting state after administration of esmolol. Furthermore, the effect of the esmolol dose on hemodynamic changes caused by β-adrenergic stimulation with orciprenaline was investigated. Results: Esmolol decreased heart rate and blood pressure during the various experimental conditions and blunted the increase in heart rate and blood pressure caused by orciprenaline. Infusion of esmolol affects neither the blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast during the functional challenges nor the reaction times during the cognitive task. However, the esmolol bolus caused a brief blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast increase. Conclusion: The results indicate that effective β-blockade with esmolol does not affect cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular reactivity, or cognitive performance.