Introduction

Abstract

This introductory chapter frames the contributions to the volume in a process of transformation that the Arab world has entered in the aftermath of the popular movements that sought to topple authoritarian regimes since 2011. The case studies contained in this volume showcase the overall roles of non-state actors in the Middle East politics, which has previously attracted attention from International Relations (IR) scholars for its oil resources and conflicts and has been viewed as a good example of realpolitik considerations and assumptions. However, as this volume aims to point out, the Arab Spring process also demonstrates that this may not be the case all the time, suggesting that non-state actors may also have a voice and hold considerations that are not relevant to regional politics or realpolitik.