Zika virus: Review of current status

Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus which startled the world with its tremendous outbreaks in Africa, America, Asia, and Pacific region. Although the symptoms are mild such as fever and headache, its complications are severe in newborn: Guillain-Barre Syndrome and congenital Zika syndrome including microcephaly. Its ability to transmit through vector and non-vector means especially vertical transmission made it a potential threat. The World Health Organization with the support of other organizations implemented several programs to eradicate the spread of the virus. Development of a vaccine for ZIKV is still under clinical trials. An anti-hepatitis C drug was repurposed for treating infected persons especially pregnant women to limit vertical transmission of ZIKV. This review focuses on the historical background, structure, phylogeny, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ZIKV along with strategies planned for control and monitoring of ZIKV.