Adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells on a laser microtextured implant surface: an in vitro study

Abstract

The roughness of the implant surface and its chemistry and topography were demonstrated to impact cells biological properties. A moderate roughness seems to allow better and faster adhesion and proliferation and to accelerate the biological processes. The different physical and chemical procedures used to obtain a certain microtopography modify the surface chemical composition and, in consequence of it, can affect the biological cell behavior. The ideal surface should be obtained through processes that do not modify the chemical composition maintaining a right roughness and microtopography. The aim of this investigation was to study the morphology, proliferation and pattern of distribution of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) after 5 days of growth on a laser micro-grooved implant surface (Laser-Lock, Bio Horizons IPH, Inc. Birmingham, AL 35244, USA) characterized by a micro geometric design obtained by computer-aided laser ablation without any chemical treatment. Data from SEM surface observation and XPS chemical analysis have highlighted the absence of contaminating chemical elements. The results from cell cultures indicated that the hDPSCs maintained a good morphology and well proliferated following the microgrooves direction.