Clinical, microbiological research of the effectiveness of inhalation use of quaternary ammonium antiseptic in the prevention and treatment of infectious respiratory complications in critically ill patients

Abstract

Introduction: The aim is to study the microbiological and clinical efficacy of decamethoxinebased quaternary ammonium antiseptic inhalations in the complex management of respiratory infectious complications in critically ill children. Methods: The use of inhalation of antiseptic medicinal decamethoxine (DCM) was studied in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (n=30), of ages 12-18 years. All patients received standard intensive care according to the guidelines. Inhalations of 5 mL DCM (0.02%) antiseptic per inhalation TID for 7 days in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy were used in the study group (n=15). Clinical microbiological studies and assessment of Toll-like receptor (e.g. TLR-4) serum levels were performed in patients. Results: The use of DCM inhalations along with systemic antibiotic therapy improved parameters of dynamic compliance by 3.4-fold and decreased lung resistance by 2.4-fold in patients after 48-72 hours of mechanical ventilation. The microbial spectrum of patients at the beginning of VAP was represented by gram-positive (S. aureus — 28.6%, S. pyogenes — 10.2%) and gramnegative (P. aeruginosa — 16.3%; A. baumannii — 12.24%; K. pneumoniae — 10.2%) pathogens. The pathogens were isolated in the monoculture (20.4%) and in microbial associations (79.6%). A significant decrease by 3 orders of magnitude (log (2.640.43) CFU/mL) in the microbial count in tracheobronchial secretions was determined after 7 days of additional use of DCM inhalations when compared to the initial levels of microbial colonization (p<0.001). The microbial spectrum of the respiratory tract was predominantly represented by S. aureus (27.78%), A. baumannii (11.11%) and E. cloacae (5.56%) in monoculture (61.11%), whereas the microbial count was 4 orders of magnitude higher in the comparison group, versus that of the study group (p<0.001), and was represented by microbial associations (93.33%). A strong correlation was found between the reduction of the gram-negative pathogen count and the decrease of TLR-4 serum levels (r-Pearson=0.893), that almost reached baseline levels after DCM inhalations, while TLR-4 levels remained 2 times higher than baseline levels after the use of systemic antimicrobial therapy alone (p<0.001). Conclusion: The use of DCM inhalations in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy provides for an effective reduction of pathogen count in the respiratory tract, leading to the early (48-72h) improvement in lung ventilation and TLR-4 serum levels, and subsequent significant improvement of treatment efficacy in severe VAP patients.