Static and dynamic analyses of slopes by the FEM

Abstract

The slope stability is commonly assessed using limit equilibrium methods. However, the limit equilibrium methods cannot calculate displacements of slopes, thus they cannot evaluate correctly the soil-slope stabilization interaction. Here we discuss how to use the finite element analysis to evaluate the stability of slopes reinforced piles, anchors, or drainage pipes under static condition, and to calculate the behavior of slopes under dynamic loads of earthquakes. In the first half, the finite element method with shear strength reduction technique (SSRFEM) is explained. This method is effective for the prediction of the stability of slope improved with piles, anchors, or drainage pipes in order to consider the three-dimensional effects in slopes. Based on numerical comparisons between the finite element method and limit equilibrium methods, it is suggested that the finite element method with shear strength reduction technique is a reliable, robust, and maybe unique approach to evaluate the slope stability and slope stabilization. In the second half, the dynamic response analysis of a slope based on the elastoplastic finite element method is explained. A simple 3-D cyclic loading model that can be applied to the seismic design of slope is introduced, and it is suggested that the dynamic elasto-plastic FEM makes it possible to evaluate the residual deformation of a slope induced by the earthquake precisely. © 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.