Representatif Leksikal Ukuran sebagai Metafora Linguistik berdasarkan Teks Klasik Melayu (Representatives of Lexical Ukuran as Linguistics Metaphors Based on Malay Classic Text)

Abstract

Linguistic Metaphors or Metaphorical Expressions or Metaphorically Used Words (MUW) is a form of debate proposed by Semino (2008) to explicitly and systematically examine a discourse. The article aims to examine three (3) different aspects of research on metaphors from the perspective of corpus linguistics, namely: (1) to identify the lexicogrammatical metaphors of the lexical ukuran, which refers to the linguistic metaphorical collocation patterns; (2) the probability of the lexical metaphor ukuran as an examination for possible lexicons of MUWs; and (3) dimensions of metaphor variations of the lexical ukuran based on the variables of topic and vehicle. This research developed a specialised corpus of the Korpus Petua Membina Rumah (KPMR) (Household Building Tips) based even (7) manuscripts from which were MSS741, MSS1521, MSS1849, MSS1415, MSS2001, the Book of Abu Masyar and the Clause of Tajul Muluk. This research utilised a quantitative study design and corpus statistics analysis based on the LancsBox 4.5 software. The lexical ukuran was chosen since it is amongst the top 10 lexicons in the list of content words (nouns). The lexical ukuran occurred 54 times in raw frequency and 36.865101 times in relative frequency. Based on the KWIC generation, there were 24 lexicons that collocated with the node ukuran. The findings showed that the lexicogrammatical metaphor representation of the node ukuran collocated with the lexicon ‘tiang’ (pillar) and ‘bendul’ (sill). This lexical collocation provides the lexical metaphorical pattern that occurred and was coded as non-literal (metaphors). Second, the results of metaphorical probability exhibited how the MUW may occur based on the relationship of the co-occurrence of the node ukuran with the lexical collocation. Third, the dimensions of metaphor variations took into account the MUW related the topic and vehicle metaphors such as humans, abstracts, actions/locations, objects/buildings, and others. These findings proved that the lexical of ukuran was used as metaphors throughout the KPMR corpora. Thus, the exploration of corpus linguistics frequency data presents a research paradigm in the study of Malay language metaphors based on corpus linguistics.