Production of biological fertilizers based on worm technology in Yakutia

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the production of biological fertilizers based on worm technology in Yakutia. Scientific experiments were conducted on the basis of the greenhouse complex of the Pokrovskoe experimental production farm in the Khangalassky district of Central Yakutia. We studied the features of worm composting in the production of biological fertilizers from different local substrates. Cattle manure and horse manure, as well as bird droppings, were used as substrates for worm composting. A hybrid of the Red California worm (Eisenia fetida) was selected for processing the substrates. The chemical composition of the substrates and the produced biological fertilizers, as well as the processing time of the substrates, and the physical properties of coprolites were studied. The substrate from cattle manure was processed by worms in 140 days, and horse manure in 60 days. At the same time, the volume of fertilizer produced was 2.90 and 2.95 kg. In the course of research, it was established that biological fertilizers had an optimal content of organic matter, biogenic elements of plant nutrition (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), while the content of heavy metals (zinc, copper, manganese, lead, cadmium) did not exceed the norms. The use of biological fertilizer produced from horse manure in tomato cultivation has shown that the introduction of a small dose of worm compost contributed to the reduction of heavy metals in the fruit of the plant. It was also found that increasing doses of biological fertilizers from horse manure increased the microbiological activity in soil from 18. 9x106 to 31.5x106 CFU/g. Thus, these studies proved the effectiveness of worm composting from local substrates in the production of biological fertilizers in the vegetable growing system of Yakutia.