Factors associated with zoonosis and reverse zoonosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis in Ethiopia

Abstract

Zoonotic TB (M.bovis) is transmitted from animals to people. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for the transmission of reverse zoonotic tuberculosis from humans to animals. Without sufficient proof, a few recommendations can be made regarding zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission. The researchers aimed to review and meta-analysis of risk variables for zoonotic and reverse transmission of bovine tuberculosis. Until May 2022, 13 published publications from Pub-Med, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were identified for review using the PRISMA checklist. The findings revealed that increasing age, raw milk and meat consumption, lack of knowledge, human and animal contacts were strongly associated with zoonotic TB. A house without ventilation and presence of TB case in the household were all strongly linked to the risk of reverse zoonotic tuberculosis, but gender being male was not significantly associated with the reverse zoonosis of tuberculosis (p > 0.05). Addressing these risk factors would aid in preventing and controlling zoonotic and reverse zoonotic tuberculosis in Ethiopia.