Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio in intensive care unit patients with lung cancer

Abstract

Background: We aimed to evaluate the prognostic ability of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to serum albumin ratio (BAR) to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with lung cancer in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV v1.0) database was used to identify patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariate COX regression was used to investigate the association between BAR and in-hospital mortality and propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were also used to ensure the robustness of our findings. eICU-CRD database (validation cohort) was also applied to validate our findings. Results: The optimal cut-off value for BAR was 6.8mg/g. Among 1202 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer, 287 high-BAR group (≥6.8mg/g) patients and 287 low-BAR group (<6.8mg/g) patients, who had similar propensity scores were included in this study. After matching, the high-BAR group had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio, HR, 2.24, 95% confidence index, 95% CI, 1.57–3.19, P<0.001) even after adjustment for confounding factors. Moreover, the performance of BAR was superior to that of BUN and serum albumin alone and could add net benefit in predicting in-hospital mortality. Those results were further confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusion: As an easily accessible and cost-effective parameter, BAR could serve as a good prognostic predictor for lung cancer patients in ICU.