Highly pseudocapacitive Nb-doped TiO2 high power anodes for lithium-ion batteries

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Abstract

Nb-doped TiO2 (anatase) nanoparticles were synthesized using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis reactor using a supercritical water flow as a reagent and crystallizing medium. The as-prepared nano-powders with ca. 25 at% Nb5+ (<6 nm diameter) were used as possible anodes for lithium-ion batteries without any further heat-treatment. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests were performed in the range of 1.2 to 3.0 V vs. Li/Li+. The Nb-doped TiO2 samples showed superior capacity retention at high current rates compared to the corresponding undoped nano-TiO2. The superior performance of the doped samples (at specific currents up to 15 A g-1) was attributed to higher electronic conductivity and a greater charge storage contribution from surface effects like pseudocapacitance (Faradaic processes) as well as Helmholtz double layer charge storage.

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Lübke, M., Shin, J., Marchand, P., Brett, D., Shearing, P., Liu, Z., & Darr, J. A. (2015). Highly pseudocapacitive Nb-doped TiO2 high power anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3(45), 22908–22914. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta07554h

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