Poland syndrome

Abstract

Poland syndrome is a rare malformation with a sporadic presentation and unknown cause. It is a birth defect with a variety of associated anomalies occurring around the upper limbs and torso. The breast, torso, and extremity abnormalities are described, and the treatments of the malformed breast to match the normal side are described. A flow chart was developed by the authors for systematic diagnosis and surgical treatment. The four principal elements evaluated were the affected breast, the contralateral normal breast, the size and position of the nipple–areolar complex, and thoracic deformities.