Science fiction, perception, and ontology: Is the world fake?

Abstract

The article explores a topic that inspired a number of movies in the late 1990s: characters who are eventually found to live in a fake world and even to be fake themselves. Heavily influenced by advances in the computer field of so-called virtual reality, the topic has played different narrative roles. In particular, the films in some cases allow us to raise ontological or metaphysical questions about the reality or unreality of our external world, and have delved into a subject quite common in science fiction ever since the 1982 appearance of the cyberpunk trend: corruptive, manipulative powers that interfere with individual freedom and initiative.