Type 2 Diabetes in Youth in South Asia

Abstract

People of South Asian origin are at a high risk of developing diabetes compared to that of other ethnic groups. Recent evidence suggests an emerging epidemic of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the region, in parallel with the childhood obesity epidemic. Many risk factors such as foetal and early-life influences, the South Asian phenotype, family history of diabetes and environment factors are responsible for the early occurrence of T2DM in South Asia. The high risk supports the need for the opportunistic screening of children and adolescents for diabetes in South Asian countries. Early detection, lifestyle modification, weight reduction and drugs are central to the care of children with T2DM. Both population-based preventive strategies and interventions targeting children and adolescents with obesity and impaired glucose tolerance are required to combat the epidemic of youth-onset T2DM in South Asia.