Nonlinear Dynamic Processes in Laser-Induced Transitions to Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures in Bulk Graphite Unit

Abstract

Development of nonstationary technique for the laser-induced functional elements synthesis based on micro- and nanostructures in graphite samples is under study. Carbon nanostructures such as graphene, nanopeaks, and crystals have been obtained in our experiments. The nonlinear formation mechanisms of nanostructures and microcrystals under femtosecond laser radiation for graphite in liquid nitrogen are analyzed. Femtosecond laser pulses with high power allow achieving the local transient conditions for the nonstationary material processing resulting in ablation, sufficient modification of the structure, and/or changing of the phase composition of the materials. Liquid nitrogen as a cryogenic and/or reaction liquid contributes to additional fast cooling and stabilization of the fabricated micro- and nanostructures.