Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and angle resolved ultraviolet photemission (ARUPS) was used to study the adsorption of thiophene and 2,2′-bithiophene on Al(111). TDS and the thiophene absorption energy calculations show that both thiophene and bithiophene bond very weakly to Al(111). The bonding was proved to be electrostatic, with a small contribution from the sulfur lone pair.
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Blyth, R. I. R., Mittendorfer, F., Hafner, J., Sardar, S. A., Duschek, R., Netzer, F. P., & Ramsey, G. (2001). Experimental and theoretical investigation of the thiophene/aluminum interface. Journal of Chemical Physics, 114(2), 935–942. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1332080