BATSE Observations of Gamma‐Ray Burst Tails

Abstract

With the discovery of low-energy radiation appearing to come from the site of gamma-ray bursts in the hours to weeks after the initial burst of gamma rays, it would appear that astronomers have seen a cosmological imprint made by the burster on its surroundings. I discuss in this paper the phenomenon of postburst emission in BATSE gamma-ray bursts at energies traditionally associated with prompt emission. By summing the background-subtracted signals from hundreds of bursts, I find that tails out to hundreds of seconds after the trigger may be a common feature of long events (duration greater than 2 s) and perhaps of the shorter bursts, at a lower and shorter-lived level. The tail component appears independent of both the duration (within the long-GRB sample) and brightness of the prompt burst emission and may be softer. Some individual bursts have visible tails at gamma-ray energies, and the spectrum in at least a few cases is different from that of the prompt emission. Afterglow at lower energies was detected for one of these bursts, GRB 991216, raising the possibility of afterglow observations over large energy ranges using the next generation of GRB detectors in conjunction with sensitive space or ground-based telescopes.