Biological effects of ionizing radiation

Abstract

The main tool in nuclear medicine is ionizing radiation; therefore, it is important for its users to be familiar with its biological effects and pathophysiological basis. Ionization is the process of ion production by ejection of electrons from atoms and molecules after exposure to high temperature, electrical discharges, or electromagnetic and nuclear radiation. Ionizing radiation is subdivided into electromagnetic radiation (X-rays and gamma rays) and particulate radiation including neutrons and charged particles (alpha and beta particles).