Multi-Objective Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch with Electric Vehicle–Wind Power Interaction Based on a Self-Adaptive Multiple-Learning Harmony-Search Algorithm

Abstract

Dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) in combination with renewable energy has recently attracted much attention. However, when wind power is considered in DEED, due to its generation uncertainty, some additional costs will be introduced and the stability of the dispatch system will be affected. To address this problem, in this paper, the energy-storage characteristic of electric vehicles (EVs) is utilized to smooth the uncertainty of wind power and reduce its impact on the system. As a result, an interaction model between wind power and EV (IWEv) is proposed to effectively reduce the impact of wind power uncertainty. Further, a DEED model based on the IWEv system (DEED) is proposed. For solving the complex model, a self-adaptive multiple-learning multi-objective harmony-search algorithm is proposed. Both elite-learning and experience-learning operators are introduced into the algorithm to enhance its learning ability. Meanwhile, a self-adap-tive parameter adjustment mechanism is proposed to adaptively select the two operators to improve search efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the superiority of the proposed method in solving the DEED model.