Design of Compact Hexagonal Shaped Multiband Antenna for Wearable and Tumor Detection Applications

Abstract

A compact multiband antenna for frequency bands of 2.45 GHz (ISM), 3.3 GHz (5G), and 5.8 GHz (ISM) is proposed. A modified Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) and cross-shaped stub are introduced in a hexagonal radiator to achieve triple-band operation including both ISM bands applications of 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz and WiFi/WLAN. The stubs in the radiator also improve the bandwidth and impedance matching of the antenna. The 10 dB impedance of the proposed antenna varies from 2.43 GHz to 2.64 GHz, 3.02 GHz to 3.85 GHz, and 4.88 GHz to 6.82 GHz. The antenna is analyzed on a human phantom model for wearable applications, where simulated SAR and theoretically calculated SAR are 0.3251 W/kg and 0.3299 W/kg, respectively. The antenna is used on a human breast model for cancer detection applications, where the SAR value is used to analyze and validate the performance of the antenna; therefore, the antenna has effectively worked for biomedical and wearable applications.