Architecture of biomats reveals history of geo-, aqua-, and bio-systems

Abstract

The architecture of hardened biomats in hot springs is a good example of genetic code, which can lead to the understanding of the primitive Earth. Electron-microscope observation of biomats has revealed a variety of mineralized microbial structures of many microorganisms, particularly in and around the living cells of cyanobacteria. Mn and Fe microcrystals are extensively precipitated. Microorganisms encrusted with calcite are also common. Hardened biomats retain the history of geo-, aqua-, and bio-systems in each layer. Biomats will certainly play an important role in future ecosystems as bioremediation.