Kidney transplant and the digital divide: Is information and communication technology a barrier or a bridge to transplant for African Americans?

Abstract

Context-Barriers to kidney transplant for African Americans are well documented in the literature. Little information on ownership of information and communication technology and use of such technology in transplant populations has been published.Objective-To characterize racial differences related to ownership and use of information and communication technology in kidney transplant patients.Design-A single-center, cross-sectional survey study.Setting-An urban Midwestern transplant center.Participants-78 pretransplant patients and 177 transplant recipients.Main Outcomes Measures-The survey consisted of 6 demographic questions, 3 disease-related questions, and 9 technology-related questions. Dichotomous (yes/no) and Likert-scale items were the basis for the survey.Results-Cell phone use was high and comparable between groups (94% in African Americans, 90% in whites, P= .22). A vast majority (75% of African Americans and 74% of whites) reported being "comfortable" sending and receiving text messages. Computer ownership (94.3% vs 79.3%) and Internet access (97.7% vs 80.7%) were greater among whites than African Americans (both P< .01). Fewer African Americans were frequent users of the Internet (27.1% vs 56.3%) and e-mail (61.6% vs 79.3%) than whites (both < .005) and educational DVDs (66% vs 46%;