Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Different Groups of Bacteria

Abstract

Nanotechnology is the creation, manipulation, and use of materials at the nanometer size scale (1–100 nm). Many characteristics of the material at the nanoscale are very different in the same materials from the larger scales. Although nanoscale materials can be produced using a variety of traditional physical and chemical processes, it is now possible to biologically synthesize materials via environment-friendly green chemistry-based techniques. In recent years, the convergence between nanotechnology and biology has created the new field of nanobiotechnology that incorporates the use of biological entities such as actinomycetes, algae, bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeasts, and plants in a number of biochemical and biophysical processes. The biological synthesis via nanobiotechnology processes has a significant potential to boost nanoparticle production without the use of harsh, toxic, and expensive chemicals commonly used in conventional physical and chemical processes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview synthesizing nanoparticles via different groups of bacteria and their potential applications.