The nanometer age: Challenge and change

Abstract

[This address was presented by Heinrich Rohrer as the Nishina Memorial at the University of Tokyo, on June 25, 1993.] The newplayers in the emerging nano-world are individual, selected objects of the size of some 50 nm down to molecules and atoms. The new aspect of science and technology on the nanometer scale is that these objects are treated as individuals, not as ensemble members. To a great extent, this requires real-space methods. Local probe methods, such as scanning tunneling microscopy and its derivatives, are therefore a key to the nanoworld. Major challenges of the new nanometer world are to exploit the new possibilities that arise from nanometer dimensions, to interface the macroscopic world to nano-individuals, to establish new concepts for working with very large numbers of nano-individuals and large sets of control parameters, to create the basis for broad interdisciplinarity, and to prepare society for the tremendous changes anticipated in a nanometer world. © Nishina Memorial Foundation 2008.