All Central Nervous System Neuro- and Vascular-Communication Channels Are Surrounded With Cerebrospinal Fluid

9Citations
Citations of this article
12Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.

Abstract

Background: Recent emerging evidence has highlighted the potential critical role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cerebral waste clearance and immunomodulation. It is already very well-established that the central nervous system (CNS) is completely submerged in CSF on a macro-level; but to what extent is this true on a micro-level? Specifically, within the peri-neural and peri-vascular spaces within the CNS parenchyma. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to simultaneously map the presence of CSF within all peri-neural (cranial and spinal nerves) and peri-vascular spaces in vivo in humans. Four MRI protocols each with five participants were used to image the CSF in the brain and spinal cord. Our findings indicated that all CNS neuro- and vascular-communication channels are surrounded with CSF. In other words, all peri-neural spaces surrounding the cranial and spinal nerves as well as all peri-vascular spaces surrounding MRI-visible vasculature were filled with CSF. These findings suggest that anatomically, substance exchange between the brain parenchyma and outside tissues including lymphatic ones can only occur through CSF pathways and/or vascular pathways, warranting further investigation into its implications in cerebral waste clearance and immunity.

References Powered by Scopus

A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid β

3818Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels

3217Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules

1544Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Cited by Powered by Scopus

Waste Clearance in the Brain

45Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Impaired peri-olfactory cerebrospinal fluid clearance is associated with ageing, cognitive decline and dyssomnia

15Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Controls of Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure and Hemorrhagic/Hypovolemic Shock

9Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

Fahmy, L. M., Chen, Y., Xuan, S., Haacke, E. M., Hu, J., & Jiang, Q. (2021). All Central Nervous System Neuro- and Vascular-Communication Channels Are Surrounded With Cerebrospinal Fluid. Frontiers in Neurology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.614636

Readers' Seniority

Tooltip

PhD / Post grad / Masters / Doc 5

71%

Professor / Associate Prof. 1

14%

Researcher 1

14%

Readers' Discipline

Tooltip

Engineering 2

40%

Design 1

20%

Nursing and Health Professions 1

20%

Neuroscience 1

20%

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free