Histologic evaluation of the new bone obtained from directed bone enhancement with mesenchymal stem cell transplatation in rabbit calvarium

Abstract

Objective: Many treatment methods are available for the reconstruction of bone defects of the mandible with a number of advantages and disadvantages. Current studies in mandible reconstructions are focused on stem cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) procedure on new bone formation in directed bone enhancement. Material and Methods: The study was carried out with 7 New Zealand rabbits. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the tibial bone of a rabbit not included in the study, were transferred after in vitro proliferation to the calvariums of rabbits included in the experiment using a collagen carrier. Titanium capsules were used in order to prevent dispersion of MSCs in the tissue and to isolate them from tissues other than bones. The study was planned to include four test groups and each rabbit was implanted four titanium capsules. While Groups A and B underwent decortication, MSC were transplanted to Groups A and C. Neither decortication nor MSC was used in Group D. The amount of new bone formation was evaluated with six score grades and histopathologically. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of bone formation and the amount of new bone formation was significantly higher in Group A compared to Group D. Conclusion: MSCs successfully induce new bone formation and directed tissue regeneration cages that are produced according to the defect enable deriving new bone tissue with the required volume and shape. © 2012 by Türkiye Klinikleri.