Electrocardiographic patterns predict the presence of collateral circulation and in-hospital mortality in acute total left main occlusion

Abstract

Background: Data on the clinical characteristics, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to total unprotected left main (ULM) artery occlusion is limited. Methods: Between 2009 and 2021, 44 patients with AMI due to total ULM occlusion underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at our institution. The ECG, collateral circulation, clinical and procedural characteristics, and in-hospital mortality were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Twenty five patients presented with shock and 18 patients had in-hospital mortality. Nineteen patients presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), while 25 presented with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). ST-segment elevation (STE) in I and STEMI were associated with the absence of collateral circulation, while STE in aVR was associated with its presence. In the NSTEMI group, patients with STE in both aVR and aVL showed more collateral filling of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) territory, while patients with STE in aVR showed more collateral filling of the LAD and the left circumflex artery territory. Compared with total ULM occlusion, patients with partial ULM obstruction presented with more STE in aVR, less STE in aVR and aVL, and less STEMI. Shock, post-PCI TIMI 0–2 flow, non-STE in aVR, STEMI, and STE in I predicted in-hospital mortality. STEMI and the absence of collateral flow were significantly associated with shock. Conclusions: STE in the precordial leads predicted the absence of collateral circulation while STE in aVR and STE in both aVR and aVL predicted different collateral filling territories in ULM occlusion. STE in I, non-STE in aVR, and STEMI predicted in-hospital mortality in these patients.