Deep learning in brain computer interfaces

Abstract

Deep Learning (DL) refers to computational models composed of multiple processing layers capable of learning representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction [1]. Since the seminal work of Lecun et al. [2] on training convolutional networks using back-propagation and gradient-based optimization, DL has outperformed other machine learning techniques in many domains of science and industry. Hinton et al. [3], achieved breakthrough on the task of automatic speech recognition, the first major DL industrial application. DL has achieved great success in recognition tasks within a wide range of applications including computer vision (images, videos), natural language processing (text), bioinformatics, to mention a few.