The effect of supervised and home based exercises on balance in elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial to prevent falls

  • Tanaka E
  • Santos P
  • Silva M
  • et al.
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Abstract

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a balance training program on the semi-static balance of elderly persons by comparing a supervised group with individual home-based application. Method: A blinded randomized controlled multi-arm trial was conducted. The elderly individuals were randomized into: Supervised Group (SG; n=18); Domiciliary Group (DG; n=20) and Control Group (CG; n=18). The SG and DG participated in twice weekly training sessions for 10 weeks. A posturography evaluation was performed based on velocity, anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) medial amplitude variables in firm surface with eyes open (FSEO) and closed (FSEC), tandem stance with eyes open (Tandem EO) and closed (Tandem EC), and single-leg stance (SL) situations. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc were used for parametric data, the Friedman and Wilcoxon post-hoc tests were used for intragroup analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post-hoc tests were used for intergroup analysis. Results: In intergroup analysis, the DG group showed improvement in body sway in the Tandem EC (velocity and medial amplitude AP) and single-leg stance (medial amplitude ML) situations. The SG showed a decline in the Tandem EO situation in all the variables. In intergroup analysis, the DG showed improvement in the FSEO position (medial amplitude ML), in the Tandem EC position (medial velocity ML), and the single-leg stance position (medial amplitude AP and ML). The SG showed improvement in the FSEO position (medial amplitude ML) and the single-leg stance position (medial amplitude AP), but showed a decline in the FSEO (variable medial velocity AP) and Tandem EO position (medial amplitude AP). Conclusion: The exercises were beneficial for the balance of the elderly individuals, with the DG presenting the best results. REBEC: RBR-3S9M65.Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de treinamento sobre o equilíbrio semiestático de idosos, comparando a forma de aplicação supervisionada em grupo e individual domiciliar. Método: Ensaio clínico cego randomizado controlado com múltiplos braços. Idosos randomizados em Grupo Supervisionado (GS; n=18); Grupo Domiciliar (GD; n=20) e Grupo Controle (GC; n=18). O GS e o GD participaram do treinamento por 10 semanas, duas vezes por semana. O equilíbrio foi avaliado pela posturografia [variáveis velocidade e amplitude média antero-posterior (AP) e médio-lateral (ML)] nas situações: plataforma fixa olhos abertos (PFOA), plataforma fixa olhos fechados (PFOF), tandem olhos abertos (Tandem OA), tandem olhos fechados (Tandem OF) e Unipodal. ANOVA two-way e post-hoc de Tukey foram utilizados nos dados paramétricos, teste de Friedman e post-hoc de Wilcoxon para análise intragrupos e teste de Kruskal-Wallis e post-hoc de Mann-Whitney para análise intergrupos. Resultados: Na análise intragrupo, o GD apresentou melhora na oscilação corporal pós-treinamento nas posições Tandem OF (velocidade e amplitude média AP) e Unipodal (amplitude média ML). O GS apresentou piora na posição Tandem OA em todas as variáveis. Na análise intergrupo, o GD apresentou melhora na posição PFOA (amplitude média ML), Tandem OF (velocidade média ML) e Unipodal (amplitude média AP e ML). Já o GS apresentou melhora na posição PFOA (amplitude média ML) e Unipodal (amplitude média AP), contudo apresentou piora na posição PFOA (variável velocidade média AP) e na Tandem OA (amplitude média AP). Conclusão: Os exercícios proporcionaram benefícios para o equilíbrio dos idosos investigados, embora o GD tenha apresentado os melhores resultados. REBEC: RBR-3S9M65.

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Tanaka, E. H., Santos, P. F. dos, Silva, M. F., Botelho, P. F. F. B., Silva, P., Rodrigues, N. C., … Abreu, D. C. C. de. (2016). The effect of supervised and home based exercises on balance in elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial to prevent falls. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 19(3), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-98232016019.150027

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