Patterns Pertaining to Crocodile Attacks on Humans in Tanzania: Baseline Data to Support Mitigation Measures

Abstract

Studies of animal attacks on humans in Tanzania have been biased towards large mammals, such as elephants, lions, and hyenas, overlooking attacks from other taxa, including reptiles. Here, we used data from government institutions to explore patterns of attacks on humans by crocodiles in Tanzania between 2010 and 2019. We obtained a total of 575 crocodile attacks, with most of the attacks occurring within or adjacent to the Nile crocodile range. Crocodile attacks varied significantly by victim gender, with 81% of attacks involving males. Furthermore, 58% of the attacks were fatal, with the proportion being more significant to children than adult victims. To reduce the frequency of attacks and fatalities, we recommend the construction of crocodile exclusion enclosures in crocodile attack hotspots and raising awareness in riparian communities, especially for children in schools, regarding crocodile range, attacks, and how to avoid them.