The treatment of axial and foot dystonia

Abstract

Dystonia is a movement disorder that consists of sustained or intermittent muscle contractions leading to abnormal movements or sustained postures. The spectrum of dystonia is heterogeneous, as a result of the involvement of different body regions, the range of different patterns of body distribution, and the different etiologies (environmental factors, hereditary or sporadic neuronal dysfunction, neurodegenerative disease). The age at onset, body distribution, temporal pattern, and associated clinical manifestations are the main features that differentiate the various types of dystonia.