Some Basic Physics of Converters and Breeder Reactors

Abstract

The most important reactor physics characteristics needed for the understanding of the design and operation of nuclear reactors and of their fuel cycle are presented. This comprises the criticality factor, the neutron and temperature distributions in the reactor core and reactivity effects to be controlled by the safety systems. The evolution of the isotopic composition during burnup, i.e., the buildup of fission products and actinides in the reactor fuel, and the importance of conversion and breeding ratios are discussed together with the fuel utilization. Inherent safety characteristics like the negative fuel Doppler coefficient and the negative coolant temperature coefficient are essential for the safe operation and control of nuclear reactors. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.