Investigational and experimental drugs for community-acquired pneumonia: The current evidence

Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infection with a constantly evolving etiological spectrum. This changing etiology conditions the adequate selection of optimal therapeutic regimens, both in empirical and definitive treatments. In recent years, new antimicrobials have been approved by regulatory authorities for use in CAP, although it is necessary to continue incorporating new antimicrobial agents that improve the activity profile in relation to the appearance of bacterial resistance in certain pathogens, such as pneumococcus, Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Delafloxacin, omadacycline and lefamulin are the most recently approved antibiotics for CAP. These three antibiotics have shown non-inferiority to their comparators for the treatment of CAP with an excellent safety profile. However, in the 2019 ATS/IDSA guidelines, it has been considered that more information is needed to incorporate these new drugs into communitybased treatment. New antimicrobials, such as solithromycin and nemonoxacin, are currently being studied in Phase III clinical trials. Both drugs have shown non-inferiority against the comparators and an acceptable safety profile; however, they have not yet been approved by the regulatory authorities. Several drugs are being tested in Phase I and II clinical trials. These include zabofloxacin, aravofloxacin, nafithromycin, TP-271, gepotidacin, radezolid, delpazolid, and CAL02. The preliminary results of these clinical trials allow us to assure that most of these drugs may play a role in the future treatment of CAP.