Evidence-based treatment for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

Abstract

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is marked by incessant distressing thoughts or images (obsessions) and/or overt or covert behaviors (or mental rituals) aimed to reduce anxiety (compulsions). The disorder affects 1-2% of children and adults, with up to 80% of adults reporting symptom onset prior to the age of 18 years. Without appropriate intervention, symptoms tend to run a chronic course from childhood into adulthood. Obsessive-compulsive disorder contributes to considerable impairment across multiple domains of functioning, and as a result calls for effective and efficient treatment. To date, both psychological and pharmacological interventions have shown efficacy for pediatric OCD although there are associated advantages and disadvantages that must be considered in treatment planning. The intent of this review is to discuss the current state of literature regarding treatment for pediatric OCD, highlight efficient and cost-effective means of reducing impairment, and conclude with directions for future study.