Characterization of airborne wear debris produced by brake pads pressed against HVOF-coated discs

Abstract

A significant fraction of the non-exhaust particulate matter emissions from vehicular traffic comprises fine particles from the wear debris of brake pads and discs. Recent studies have shown that these emissions can be consistently reduced by using wear resistant disc coatings. This study thoroughly analyses the debris produced by a low-met brake pad, which is dyno-bench tested against both cast iron and WC-CoCr-coated brake discs. To achieve this, particles in the size range of 2.5 µm to 30 nm were collected and characterized. The results showed a consistent reduction in the particle emission as well as in the concentration of iron oxides, which are mainly released from the disc tribo-oxidation in the coated disc. Furthermore, a few tungsten carbides, released from the coating, were also observed in the wear fragments. The results of this study can be useful for improving the protective coating and consequently help in reducing particulate matter emission further.