The Situation of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Virus in Indonesia: Data Infections and Transmission Routes

Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an acute disease in livestock that is currently endemic which results in livestock deaths and economic losses. FMD is caused by the apthovirus from the picornaviridae family and usually infects cloven hoop cattle. Clinical symptoms arising from FMD infection usually vary in the type of animal, but in general the symptoms are fever 39 °C for 2-14 days, lesions and blisters on the feet, mouth and tongue area, gums, lips, nostrils, muzzle and nipples. Acute infection in cattle can affect milk production and calf mortality. In Indonesia, the reports obtained until October due to FMD infection were 9.555 cattle deaths, 549.835 sick cattle and 3.759.726 vaccinated cattle. Types of livestock that are mostly infected with FMD are beef cattle, dairy cattle, buffalo, and goats, in a row 5.129, 4.067, 222, and 98. The government have taken action to control FMD, is a establishing a task force for controlling FMD, socialization, vaccination, treatment of livestock, isolation of infected livestock areas and tightening inspections of entry and exit routes for livestock trade.