Global dengue burden in the Andean Subregion of the Americas 2016 to 2020

Abstract

Dengue, flavivirus transmitted to humans by the bite of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with four serotypes in circulation in the Region of the Americas. Studying the behavior of the number of dengue cases in the Andean region of the Americas in the five-year period from 2016 to 2020 was the proposed objective. Assuming that dengue is a febrile and jaundice disease and that the COVD 19 pandemic requires mandatory surveillance and reporting of these pathologies, it was agreed to methodologically approach this research as a descriptive study of the spatial and temporal distribution of dengue cases for the region. uploaded to the electronic address https://www.paho.org/data/index.php/es/temas/indicadoresdengue.html of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) consulted between October and November 2020, estimating Annual and five-year epidemiological indicators that emerged from the total number of events that occurred during the period, using descriptive statistics with central tendency for said analysis. Results: circulation of the DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes in the five countries, while DENV-3 and DENV-4 appear when combining country and year; the burden at the level of the Americas was 2,206,612 cases for 2020 (EW 48), with the highest incidence rates in Bolivia (270) and Colombia (152). The occurrence of severe dengue was shown in Colombia with 45% (n = 373,924) and Peru 21% (n = 178,745), with Venezuela 10% (n = 79,195) and Ecuador 6% (n = 51,314). However, although by 2020 Colombia (with 1.12%) doubled the average for the Andean region (0.56%) and exceeded the Americas 4.6 times (0.24%), Venezuela (year 2020 = 0.227; five-year = 0.163) and Peru (year 2020 = 0.152; five-year = 0.160) were who showed a higher fatality rate, exhibiting values significantly higher than the annual averages (year 2020 = 0.067) and five-year (0.094) of the region. Causes: failures in the health system, depressed immune activity, high levels of malnutrition, under-registration of cases, bioenvironmental alteration of vector distribution patterns.