Facial aging is recognized as a loss of volume (loss of underlying soft tissue support), increasing skin wrinkling, and skin folding. Age, sun damage, tobacco and alcohol use, trauma, and poor nutrition all contribute jointly to facial aging, but it is chronic sun exposure that causes the most significant skin changes. Over time, skin becomes progressively thinner, drier, less elastic, and less resilient, and as a result of the loss of elasticity, facial skin becomes more lax. Wrinkles form, and jowls are created by ptosis of the facial portion of the platysma muscle and an altered distribution of fat under the chin. © 2007 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
CITATION STYLE
De Maio, M. (2007). Combination therapy-the microlift procedure. In Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetic Medicine (pp. 127–136). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34095-9_8
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