Matrix metalloproteinase and its inhibitors in cancer progression

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that participates in the degradation of various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane. The main functions of MMPs are in wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, invasions, and tumor cell metastasis. MMPs are involved in solid and hematological malignancy through modification of cell growth, activation of cancer cells, and modulation of immune functions. Several polymorphisms of different MMPs and their expression levels have been well documented in different types of solid cancer. These polymorphic variations were found to be associated with angiogenesis, cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis. There is paucity of data available in the field of hematological malignancies. Hence, the field of matrix biology of hematological malignancies is an area of active exploration. Last 20 years, intensive drug discovery programs are carried out in many clinical trials of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) for cancer therapy. Number of MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been devolved for the cancer treatment. However, their efficacy and action have not been confirmed, and more data is required for better conclusions. For discovery of drug target motive, the regulatory mechanisms of MMPs and its inhibitors may provide several new avenues for the development of therapeutic intervention for the patient care.