Irreversible immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in proximal tubular epithelium of renal allografts with acute rejection

Abstract

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is the most important member of the MMP family responsible for the development and progression of various renal diseases. Our study aims to investigate the localization of MMP-9 in human renal allografts and to assess whether MMP-9 immunostaining is contributory to detect pathological change in renal biopsy. Methods: We examined 150 renal allograft biopsies (48 baseline and 102 follow-up) from 49 transplants and analyzed the associations of clinical and histopathological data with the MMP-9 staining intensity using a semi-quantitative scoring. Results: MMP-9 immunostaining in proximal tubule epithelium was negative before transplantation, but positive in biopsies with episodes, particularly with acute cellular rejection (ACR) and acute calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) toxicity. Tubulitis was the most significant association factor (p<0.0001) with increased MMP-9 staining intensity. The expression in proximal tubules remained augmented in allografts recovered from ACR episodes, while it was disappeared or diminished in those recovered from acute CNI toxicity or ischemia/reperfusion effects. Conclusion: These findings suggest the necessary participation of MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of tubulitis and the subsequent stage of pathogenesis in ACR. Up-regulation of MMP-9 expression in the proximal tubule could be a new indicator of tubular injury and a predictive factor for the prognosis of renal allograft. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.