Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing individuals were assessed on three neuropsychological tests of executive function (EF) and on scales of autism symptoms and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms at baseline (T1; N = 88, Mage = 11.8 years, 73% males), 2-year (T2; 99% retention, Mage = 13.9 years), and 10-year follow-ups (T3; 75% retention, Mage = 21.4 years). An EF composite score from T1 significantly predicted internalizing symptoms at T2 (β =.228) and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at T3 (β =.431 and.478, respectively), when controlling for age and autism symptoms. OThe findings suggest that EF difficulties are a long-term risk factor for more co-occurring symptoms.
CITATION STYLE
Fossum, I. N., Orm, S., Andersen, P. N., Geurts, H. M., Øie, M. G., & Skogli, E. W. (2023). Childhood Executive Function Predicts Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults With and Without Autism: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 48(3), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2023.2206663
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