Bionanotechnology in Biotechnology

Abstract

Biotechnology is a vast biological field that includes living systems and organisms to develop or create products, or any technology applications that use biological systems to produce and modify products or specific process [1, 2]. Several advanced technologies have focused on basic research to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic devices. Nowadays, scientists pay much attention on using genetically modified organism to produce biopharmaceuticals and vaccines, elucidating the molecular basis of many diseases, and modifying genome sequence to prevent human pathogens, enabling better treatment of diseases [1]. It has also been developed gene therapy techniques for genetic and cancer diseases through several molecular, biological, and immunological techniques, such as biosensors with DNA probes to track metabolites in the body [1]. Depending on the tools and applications, it is often divided into several distinct fields, including molecular biology, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, or biological imaging [1, 3]. Bionanotechnology is a science located in the convergence of nanotechnology and biology to create specialized applications [4]. The application of bionanotechnology within biotechnology includes the use of micro−/nanodevices based on bionanomaterial substrates for high throughput biomolecule assays, development of nanomaterials integrated with nanotechnology for biomedical engineering and bioimaging.