Fermentative production of bacterial phenazines

Abstract

Phenazines, a nitrogen containing heterocyclic antibiotic biosynthesized by a diverse range of bacteria. Owing its enormous importance as (1) electron shuttles to alternate terminal acceptors in bacteria, (2) modify cellular redox states to modify host response, (3) contributing to biofilm formation and cell signaling, as well as (4) biotechnological applications such as environmental sensor, microbial fuel cell, antitumor, and biocontrol activity attracted attention of scientific community to target phenazine as lead molecule. Similarly, emerging application of phenazines insisted high productivity fermentative process. Current chapter focuses on sources of natural phenazines and impact of nutritional as well as environmental dynamics on fermentative production of phenazine in different bacteria.