ULAMA AND AUTHORITY IN THE DELI KINGDOM

Abstract

Abstract: This article examines the intellectual biography of Sheikh Hasan Ma’sum as contained in his book entitled Tanqîh al-Zunun ‘an Masâ’il al-Maimûn. This study is essential as he was an influential scholar in East Sumatra in the early 20th century and was appointed Imam Paduka Tuan in the Sultanate of Deli. This study is literature research with a historical approach. This uses Max Weber’s theory of authority to analyze the research topic. The data was analyzed using the interpretation method. Based on an analysis of his works, this study concludes that Sheikh Hasan Ma’sum considers it essential to solve socio-religious problems, and the approach to solving be based on discussion and collaborative problem-solving approaches. Based on Max Weber’s theory of authority, Sheikh Hasan Ma’sum has two authorities: charismatic authority and rational-legal authority. The source of his charismatic authority was derived from his genealogy, education, and personality. Based on this authority, he gained rational-legal authority, where he became an Advisor to the Deli Sultanate with the title of Imam Paduka Tuan, and an advisor to Al Washliyah. Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji biografi intelektual Syekh Hasan Ma'sum sebagaimana terdapat dalam karyanya berjudul Tanqîh al-Zunun ‘an Masâ'il al-Maimûn. Studi ini penting dilakukan mengingat ia merupakan ulama berpengaruh di Sumatera Timur pada awal abad ke-20, dan posisinya sebagai Imam Paduka Tuan di Kesultanan Deli. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan historis. Untuk menganalisis topik penelitian, studi ini memanfaatkan teori otoritas dari Max Weber. Data dianalisis dengan metode interpretasi. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap karyanya, studi ini mengajukan temuan bahwa Syekh Hasan Ma’sum menilai penting usaha memecahkan masalah-masalah sosial keagamaan, dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan masalah harus berbasis diskusi dan pemecahan masalah secara kolaboratif. Berdasarkan teori otoritas Max Weber, Syekh Hasan Ma’sum memiliki dua otoritas: otoritas kharismatik dan otoritas legal rasional. Sumber otoritas kharismatik diperoleh dari geneologi, pendidikan dan kepribadian, dan kemudian berdasarkan otoritas itu ia mendapatkan otoritas legal rasional, dimana ia menjadi Penasihat Majelis Kerapatan Kesultanan Deli bergelar Imam Paduka Tuan, dan juga penasihat Al Washliyah.