Biopesticides in Organic Agriculture

Abstract

The central issuses in organic agricultural production are related to the plant protection sector. As the use of synthetic pesticides is not allowed in the organic system of agricultural production, biopesticides are considerd a natural, safe and environmentally friendly alternative. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important biological agents used as biopesticides in organic agriculture through a review of the relevant literature. Biopesticides are compounds made from microorganisms and various natural materials of plant and animal origin. Biological protection also includes the use of extracts of different plant species (such as essential oils) that have toxic effects on plant pathogens. This paper accounts for the most important types of biopesticides based on bacteria, fungi and viruses, which are licensed for use in the Republic of Serbia according to the Law on Organic Agriculture. Their mechanisms of action, possibilities of application and efficiency are described in the present study. The bacterium Bacillus subtilis is the most studied bacterial species used in biological protection, whereas the species Bacillus thuringiensis is predominantly used for the control of harmful insects. There is no doubt about the need for alternative protection systems in the future, which necessitates further scientific research. A sound application of biopesticides in combination with preventive protection measures would meet the requirements of safe agricultural production.