Periodontal status in subjects with hyperlipidemia and determination of association between hyperlipidemia and periodontal health: A clinicobiochemical study

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal status in subjects with hyperlipidemia and to determine whether there is any association between hyperlipidemia and periodontitis. Materials and methods: Sixty subjects with hyperlipidemia and 60 normolipidemic subjects participated in the study. Biochemical parameters assessed included plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Periodontal parameters assessed included plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP). Results: Hyperlipidemic patients showed significantly higher values across the four periodontal parameters. Plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C were significantly and positively associated with PD, BOP and CAL (p = 0.05). Whereas HDL-C levels were significantly and negatively associated with PD, BOP and CAL (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with hyperlipidemia manifested higher values of periodontal parameters compared to control group. Poorly controlled hyperlipidemia had a destructive impact on periodontium. A cyclic relationship exists between serum lipids, periodontitis and systemic health. Clinical significance: The relationship between periodontium and systemic factors is bidirectional and interlinked. Therefore, dentists and physicians should take this into account while treating patients, aiming for the overall betterment of the patient.