Claudin-Targeted Suicide Gene Therapy for Claudin-Overexpressing Tumor Cells by Using Modified Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE)

Abstract

Bacterial toxins gain growing attention as potential cancer treatment due to their potent cytotoxic effects. Among the very different toxins with diverse modes of action, the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is in focus to treat solid cancers. This toxin targets the tight junction proteins claudin-3 and -4 (Cldn-3/4), which are frequently overexpressed in solid cancers. Binding to these claudins induces pore formation in the host cell plasma membrane leading to rapid oncoleaking cell death of tumor cells. Based on this, extending the targeting of CPE beyond Cldn-3/4 is of interest, since other claudins, such as claudin-1 or -5 are often overexpressed in various cancer entities such as non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or papillary thyroid carcinoma. In this chapter we describe the modification of a CPE-encoding vector by structure-directed mutagenesis to either preferentially target Cldn-1 and -5 or to expand targeting to Cldn1–9 for improved broadened cytotoxic targeting of claudin-overexpressing tumors such as but not limited to lung cancer via CPE gene transfer.