Synthesis of Surfactants

Abstract

1 Historical Review -- 2 Structure and Application of Surfactants -- 2.1 Surfactant Structure and Classification -- 2.2 Application of Surfactants -- 2.3 Literature -- 3 Synthesis of Surfactants -- 3.1 Raw Materials -- 3.2 Surfactants -- 3.3 Literature -- 4 Interfacial and Colloidal Properties -- 4.1 Solubility of Surfactants -- 4.2 Interfacial Activity and Micelle Formation -- 4.3 Spread and Adsorbed Monolayers -- 4.4 Surfactant Aggregates -- 4.5 Adsorption on Solid Surfaces -- 4.6 Theory of Washing and Cleaning -- 4.7 Literature -- 5 Performance in Detergents, Cleaning Agents and Personal Care Products -- 5.1 Detergents -- 5.2 Dishwashing Detergents and Hard Surface Cleaners for Household and Institutional Purposes -- 5.3 Cosmetics and Toiletries -- 5.4 Literature Sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 -- 6 Manufacture of Consumer Products -- 6.1 Manufacture of Powder Products -- 6.2 Manufacture of Liquid Products -- 6.3 Manufacture of Medium-Viscosity to High-Viscosity Products -- 6.4 Manufacture of Bar Soap from Natural Raw Materials -- 6.5 Manufacture of Bar Soaps Based on Synthetic Surfactants -- 6.6 Literature -- 7 Analysis of Surfactants and Surfactant Formulations -- Dr. G. Schwarz, Dr. E. Vaeth -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Inorganic Components in Detergents and Cleaning Agents -- 7.3 Organic Components in Detergents -- 7.4 Literature -- 8 Environmental Impact -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Components of Detergents, Cleaners and Cosmetics -- 8.3 Environmental Aspects -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 8.5 Literature -- 9 Biological Effects, Toxicology and Human Safety -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Biochemical Properties of Surfactants -- 9.3 Toxicokinetics of Surfactants -- 9.4 Local Effects -- 9.5 Systemic Effects -- 9.6 Conclusions on Consumer Safety -- 9.7 Summary -- 9.8 Literature -- 10 Economic Aspects -- 10.1 Production Volumes and Application Areas of Surfactants -- 10.2 Detergents and Cleaning Compounds -- 10.3 Personal Care Products -- 10.4 Literature -- 11 Development Trends -- 11.1 Preamble -- 11.2 Consumer Products -- 11.3 Ingredients of Consumer Products -- 11.4 Outlook -- 11.5 Literature -- 12 Definition of Important Terms -- 12.1 Terms -- 12.2 Literature.